{"id":261,"date":"2014-07-02T20:35:54","date_gmt":"2014-07-02T20:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/?p=261"},"modified":"2014-07-02T20:38:37","modified_gmt":"2014-07-02T20:38:37","slug":"eiropas-attistitajas-valstis-atslegu-noliksana-nenotiek-latvija-var-klut-par-iznemumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/?p=261","title":{"rendered":"Eiropas att\u012bst\u012btaj\u0101s valst\u012bs atsl\u0113gu nolik\u0161ana nenotiek; Latvija var k\u013c\u016bt par iz\u0146\u0113mumu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips m\u0101jok\u013ca kredit\u0113\u0161an\u0101 past\u0101v atsevi\u0161\u0137os ASV \u0161tatos, bet Eirop\u0101 Latvija var k\u013c\u016bt par iz\u0146\u0113mumu<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Par to liecina jurista Rolanda Neilanda p\u0113t\u012bjums. DB jau rakst\u012bjis, ka Saeimas atbild\u012bg\u0101s komisijas deput\u0101ti ir sagatavoju\u0161i parlamentam izskat\u012b\u0161anai gal\u012bgaj\u0101 las\u012bjum\u0101 groz\u012bjumus\u00a0Maks\u0101tnesp\u0113jas likum\u0101, kas paredz: p\u0101rdodot \u0137\u012blu \u2013 m\u0101jokli, par\u0101dnieks tiek atbr\u012bvots no atliku\u0161o saist\u012bbu k\u0101rto\u0161anas pret hipotek\u0101r\u0101 kred\u012bta izsniedz\u0113ju. Diskut\u0113jot par fizisku personu maks\u0101tnesp\u0113ju, bie\u017ei ticis min\u0113ts, ka Latvij\u0101 nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips tiek p\u0101r\u0146emts no ASV. \u00abTas neatbilst paties\u012bbai, jo tikai da\u013c\u0101 no ASV \u0161tatiem past\u0101v \u0161is princips \u2013 Aiov\u0101, A\u013cask\u0101, Arizon\u0101, Kalifornij\u0101, Minesot\u0101, Mont\u0101n\u0101, Oregon\u0101, Va\u0161ington\u0101, Viskonsin\u0101, Zieme\u013ckarol\u012bn\u0101, Zieme\u013cdakot\u0101,\u00bb p\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101tus skaidro jurists R. Neilands. Turkl\u0101t ASV \u0161tatos, kur \u0161is princips past\u0101v, par\u0101dniekam nav j\u0101k\u013c\u016bst maks\u0101tnesp\u0113j\u012bgam, lai vi\u0146u atbr\u012bvotu no saist\u012bb\u0101m. \u00abPietiek ar \u012bpa\u0161uma piespiedu p\u0101rdo\u0161anu vai ar t\u0101 atdo\u0161anu kreditoram. Turkl\u0101t liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 \u0161tatu (28) \u012bpa\u0161uma p\u0101rdo\u0161ana piedzi\u0146as ietvaros notiek bez tiesas starpniec\u012bbas,\u00bb t\u0101 uz jaut\u0101jumu, ar ko at\u0161\u0137iras Latvijas parlament\u0101rie\u0161u gatavotie groz\u012bjumi no ASV eksist\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s k\u0101rt\u012bbas, atbild R. Neilands. \u00abPar\u0101dniekiem, kas v\u0113l\u0113sies izmantot \u0161o jaunievedumu Latvij\u0101, b\u016bs j\u0101pasludina maks\u0101tnesp\u0113ja, un p\u0113c mantas p\u0101rdo\u0161anas vi\u0146i tiks atbr\u012bvoti no saist\u012bb\u0101m pret banku, ta\u010du ne pret citiem kreditoriem,\u00bb br\u012bdina R. Neilands.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Eirop\u0101 neizmanto<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0113t\u012bjums liecina, ka t\u0101d\u0101s Eiropas valst\u012bs k\u0101 V\u0101cija, Francija, Lielbrit\u0101nija, \u012arija, Sp\u0101nija, Grie\u0137ija, It\u0101lija, Portug\u0101le, N\u012bderlande, Be\u013c\u0123ija neatz\u012bst \u0161o principu. R. Neilands piemetina, ka t\u0101pat ir ar\u012b, piem\u0113ram, Kan\u0101d\u0101, Jap\u0101n\u0101 un Austr\u0101lij\u0101.<\/p>\n

\u00abLatvijas parlament\u0101rie\u0161i pla\u0161i lieto apz\u012bm\u0113jumu \u00abnolikto atsl\u0113gu princips\u00bb. ASV \u0161\u0101ds apz\u012bm\u0113jums netiek lietots. Tur pla\u0161i lieto juridisko terminu \u00abbezregresa kred\u012bti\u00bb (non-recourse loans), bet vienk\u0101r\u0161ie cilv\u0113ki vair\u0101k saka \u00abaiziet no hipot\u0113kas\u00bb (walk away from a mortgage),\u00bb terminu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu skaidro R. Neilands. Vi\u0146\u0161 teic, ka bezregresa aizdevums ir kred\u012bts, kas neparedz aiz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja person\u012bgu atbild\u012bbu. Ie\u0137\u012bl\u0101tais \u012bpa\u0161ums ir vien\u012bgais kred\u012bta nodro\u0161in\u0101jums, un p\u0113c \u012bpa\u0161uma p\u0101rdo\u0161anas par\u0101dnieks vairs nav atbild\u012bgs par kred\u012bta atlikumu. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam \u2013 regresa aizdevum\u0101, kur\u0101 aizdev\u0113js var piepras\u012bt visu kred\u012bta summu, tostarp kred\u012bta atlikumu, kas palicis p\u0113c ie\u0137\u012bl\u0101t\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161uma p\u0101rdo\u0161anas, aiz\u0146\u0113m\u0113js ir person\u012bgi atbild\u012bgs par sa\u0146emto aizdevumu un t\u0101 atmaksu.<\/p>\n

V\u0113sturiskas paral\u0113les<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips m\u016bsdien\u0101s past\u0101v k\u0101 v\u0113sturisks relikts par\u0101du atvieglojumiem, kuri tika pie\u0146emti Liel\u0101s de- presijas laik\u0101 \u2013 pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta 30. gados. Proti, ASV Liel\u0101s depresijas laik\u0101 nekustam\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161uma tirgus piedz\u012bvoja milz\u012bgu v\u0113rt\u012bbu kritumu. \u00abIe\u0137\u012bl\u0101tie \u012bpa\u0161umi piespiedu izsol\u0113s tika nosol\u012bti par \u013coti zemu v\u0113rt\u012bbu, un v\u0113l\u0101k kreditori ieguva spriedumus gandr\u012bz par pilnu par\u0101da summu. Tas izrais\u012bja visp\u0101r\u0113ju pie\u0146\u0113mumu, ka par\u0101du atlikumi, kas veidoj\u0101s uz kr\u012bzes, nevis b\u0101zes tirgus v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m, bija netaisn\u012bgi un veicin\u0101ja depresijas smagumu. \u0160\u012b viedok\u013ca p\u0101rsvars izrais\u012bja likumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu, kas aizliedza piedz\u012bt starp\u012bbu starp kred\u012bta summu un ie\u0137\u012bl\u0101t\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161uma izsoles summu,\u00bb v\u0113sturisko nolikto atsl\u0113gu principa izveidi skaidro R. Neilands. Vi\u0146\u0161 piemetina, ka ASV ir \u0161tati, kuros likumi aizliedz jebkura kred\u012bta atlikuma piedzi\u0146u p\u0113c \u012bpa\u0161uma p\u0101rdo\u0161anas, bet ir ar\u012b \u0161tati, kuros likumi aizliedz tikai m\u0101jok\u013cu kred\u012btu atlikuma piedzi\u0146u.<\/p>\n

Ieguvumus ap\u0161auba<\/strong><\/p>\n

R. Neilands r\u0101da ASV p\u0113t\u012bjumus, kuros secin\u0101ts, ka \u0161tatos, kuros ir nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips, piedzi\u0146as gad\u012bjumu skaits ir liel\u0101ks nek\u0101 p\u0101r\u0113jos \u0161tatos. \u00abKred\u012btiem, kas ir izsniegti laik\u0101 no 1997. gada augusta l\u012bdz 2008. gada decembrim, ir par 32% liel\u0101ka varb\u016bt\u012bba tikt neatmaks\u0101tiem tie\u0161i nolikto atsl\u0113gu \u0161tatos. Turkl\u0101t \u0161\u012b varb\u016bt\u012bba palielin\u0101s kred\u012btiem par liel\u0101k\u0101m summ\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, ie\u0137\u012bl\u0101taj\u0101m m\u0101j\u0101m, kas ir nov\u0113rt\u0113tas par 0,5\u20130,7 milj. ASV dol\u0101ru, ir divreiz liel\u0101ka iesp\u0113ja, ka kred\u012bts netiks atmaks\u0101ts,\u00bb aizoke\u0101na p\u0113tnieku secin\u0101jumus atst\u0101sta R. Neilands. \u0160\u0101da situ\u0101cija tiekot skaidrota ar to, ka par\u0101dnieki nev\u0113las maks\u0101t iev\u0113rojamas kred\u012btsaist\u012bbas par \u012bpa\u0161umu, kura v\u0113rt\u012bba ir stipri kritusies un vairs nav t\u0101da, par k\u0101du ir izsniegts kred\u012bts. \u0160\u012b tendence past\u0101vot ar\u012b tad, ja par\u0101dnieku naudas pl\u016bsma ir pozit\u012bva un vi\u0146i bez gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m sp\u0113j segt kred\u012bta maks\u0101jumus. \u00ab\u0160\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos par\u0101dnieki m\u0113dz strat\u0113\u0123iski izpl\u0101not kred\u012bta neatdo\u0161anu (strategic default). Un \u0161\u012b tendence ir izteikta tie\u0161i \u0161tatos, kuros past\u0101v nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips.\u00bb<\/p>\n

K\u0101 galvenos tr\u016bkumus nolikto atsl\u0113gu kred\u012btu ievie\u0161anai Latvij\u0101 R. Neilands min augst\u0101kas procentu likmes un liel\u0101ku pirmo iemaksu, jo \u0161ie kred\u012bti ir riskant\u0101ki \u2013 to atg\u016b\u0161ana piedzi\u0146as gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir piln\u012bb\u0101 atkar\u012bga no \u012bpa\u0161uma tirgus v\u0113rt\u012bbas un t\u0101s sv\u0101rst\u012bb\u0101m. Pirmo iemaksu apm\u0113rs var\u0113tu sa- sniegt 30\u201340% un atsevi\u0161\u0137os gad\u012bjumos pat vair\u0101k. Tom\u0113r R. Neilands v\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu uz citu tr\u016bkumu, proti, kred\u012bt\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju discipl\u012bnas mazin\u0101\u0161anos un apzi\u0146as, ka saist\u012bbas var nepild\u012bt, vairo\u0161anos. Vi\u0146apr\u0101t, Latvij\u0101, kur t\u0101pat jau valda uzskats, ka savas saist\u012bbas var nepild\u012bt, nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips \u0161o p\u0101rliec\u012bbu tikai vairos.<\/p>\n

\u00abAtsevi\u0161\u0137i ekonomikas p\u0113tnieki ir izvirz\u012bju\u0161i hipot\u0113zi, ka tie\u0161i nolikto atsl\u0113gu kred\u012bti un ASV hipotek\u0101ro \u0137\u012blu z\u012bmju sist\u0113ma ir izrais\u012bjusi ASV un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b pasaules finan\u0161u kr\u012bzi. Vai mums ir nepiecie\u0161ams neapdom\u012bgi ieviest sve\u0161u ties\u012bbu principu, kura sekas nav visp\u0101r analiz\u0113tas?\u00bb t\u0101 uz jaut\u0101jumu par \u0161\u0101da principa ietekmi atbild R. Neilands.<\/p>\n

Maz\u0101k maks\u0101tnesp\u0113j\u012bgo<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160\u0101 gada pirmaj\u0101 pusgad\u0101 sarucis to fizisko personu skaits \u2013 par 122 jeb 16%, kuras pasludin\u0101tas par maks\u0101tnesp\u0113j\u012bg\u0101m sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar analogu laiku p\u0113rn, liecina SIA Lursoft p\u0113t\u012bjums. \u0160ogad faktiski par maks\u0101tnesp\u0113j\u012bg\u0101m tiek pasludin\u0101ts tikpat liels fizisko personu skaits k\u0101 2012. gad\u0101. \u0160ie dati tiek skaidroti da\u017e\u0101di. Proti, da\u013ca to uzskata k\u0101 apliecin\u0101jumu tam, ka tiek gaid\u012bti groz\u012bjumi Maks\u0101tnesp\u0113jas likum\u0101, kas \u013cautu \u0101tr\u0101k (viena \u2013 divu gadu pa\u0161laik l\u012bdz 3,5 gadu viet\u0101) dz\u0113st par\u0101du saist\u012bbas. Savuk\u0101rt citi uzskata, ka \u0161ie dati korel\u0113 ar ekonomisko izaugsmi Latvij\u0101.<\/p>\n

VIEDOKLIS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Latvija paraugs Eiropai<\/span><\/p>\n

Viens no Maks\u0101tnesp\u0113jas likuma groz\u012bjumu iniciatoriem Saeimas deput\u0101ts Viktors Valainis:<\/p>\n

Latvij\u0101 nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips b\u016bs at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgs no ASV, kur m\u0101jok\u013ca pirc\u0113jiem \u013cauj atdot \u0137\u012blu (m\u0101jokli) un b\u016bt br\u012bvam no \u0161\u012b kred\u012bta maks\u0101juma, pat gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja pirc\u0113jam nepat\u012bk, piem\u0113ram, sienas kr\u0101sa, bez nek\u0101d\u0101m proced\u016br\u0101m. Latvijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 cilv\u0113kam, b\u016bs j\u0101uzs\u0101k bankrota proced\u016bra. Vi\u0146am tiesai j\u0101pier\u0101da, ka vairs nesp\u0113j maks\u0101t kred\u012btu, un tikai tad var uzs\u0101k sais\u012bt\u012bbu dz\u0113\u0161anas proced\u016bru. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di maks\u0101tnesp\u0113j\u012bgiem cilv\u0113kiem Latvij\u0101 b\u016bs iesp\u0113jas s\u0101kt jaunu \u00abfinan\u0161u\u00bb dz\u012bvi, turkl\u0101t \u012bs\u0101k\u0101 termi\u0146\u0101, nek\u0101 tas ir noteikts pa\u0161laik. Anglij\u0101 \u0161o proced\u016bru var iziet pusgada laik\u0101. J\u0101, Eiropas valst\u012bs pa\u0161laik t\u0101da nolikto atsl\u0113gu principa, k\u0101du ar groz\u012bjumiem gribam iestr\u0101d\u0101t Latvij\u0101, nav. Ta\u010du par \u0161o probl\u0113mu run\u0101 G8 valstu vad\u012bt\u0101ju tik\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101, raksta The Economist, un virkne Eiropas valstu \u0161\u0101du risin\u0101jumu var\u0113tu izv\u0113l\u0113sies perspekt\u012bv\u0101.\u00a0 Latvija ar \u0161o principu ievie\u0161anu b\u016bs sava veida celmlauzis Eirop\u0101.<\/p>\n

VIEDOKLIS<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0113l nevar teikt hop<\/span><\/p>\n

Latvijas Kred\u012bt\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju apvien\u012bbas valdes loceklis J\u0101nis \u0100boli\u0146\u0161:<\/p>\n

V\u0113l nevar teikt – hop, jo Saeimas gal\u012bgais balsojums v\u0113l nav bijis. Maks\u0101tnesp\u0113j\u012bgo fizisko personu \u0101tr\u0101ka jaunas finan\u0161u \u00abdz\u012bves\u00bb s\u0101k\u0161ana p\u0113c viena \u2013 diviem gadiem\u00a0 savulaik jau bija iestr\u0101d\u0101ta likum\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101 var\u0113tu notikt atgrie\u0161anas vair\u0101kus gadus vec\u0101 pag\u0101tn\u0113. T\u0101 d\u0113v\u0113tais nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips gan b\u016bs jaunin\u0101jums, ja tas ieg\u016bs ne tikai Saeimas vair\u0101kuma atbalstu, bet ar\u012b neizpeln\u012bsies Valsts prezidenta veto \u2013 nodo\u0161anu Saeimai otrreiz\u0113jai caurl\u016bko\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Avots: Dienas Bizness<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nolikto atsl\u0113gu princips m\u0101jok\u013ca kredit\u0113\u0161an\u0101 past\u0101v atsevi\u0161\u0137os ASV \u0161tatos, bet Eirop\u0101 Latvija var k\u013c\u016bt par iz\u0146\u0113mumu Par to liecina jurista<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pubikacija"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=261"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":266,"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261\/revisions\/266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kreditnemejuasociacija.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}